Unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) / network card / Ethernet card / Wi-Fi card is use as a network address in communications within a network segment .
Hexadecimal - 12 digit and Binary - 6-Byte -48 Bits
30-65-EC-6F-C4-58
NIC - Network Interface Controller Specific / UAA - Universally Administered Address
IG (Individual Group) bit is the least significant bit in this byte / LG (Local/Global) bit is the second least significant bit in this byte.
IP Address Range:
Public IP - WAN
- CLASS A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 /8
- CLASS B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 /16
- CLASS C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 /24
- CLASS D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 /32
- CLASS E 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255 /64
Private IP - LAN
- CLASS A 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 /8 (65,536 IP addresses)
- CLASS B 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 /12 (1,048,576 IP addresses)
- CLASS C 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 /16 (16,777,216 IP addresses)
(Auto Private IP Address)
Loopback - CLASS A 127.0. 0.1 – 127.255. 255.255 /8
(For checking the PC working properly)
Static IP - bought to maintain the same IP-Address always.
Unicast: L1 Source IP --> Destination IP
L2 Source PC MAC --> Destination MAC
Multicast: L1 Source PC IP --> 224.0. 0.0 to 239.255. 255.255
L2 Source PC MAC --> Destination MAC
Broadcast: L1 Source PC IP --> Destination IP 255.255.255.255
L2 Source PC MAC --> Destination MAC FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF
| PROTOCOL | EXPANSION |
| ARP | Address Resolution Protocol |
| RARP | Reverse Address Resolution Protocol |
| GRAP | Gratuitous Address Resolution Protocol |
| ADSL | Asymmetric digital subscriber line |
| STP | Spanning Tree Protocol |
| LDAP | Lightweight Directory Access Protocol |
| LLDP | Link Layer Discovery Protocol |
| VTP | VLAN Trunking Protocol |
| PPP | Point-to-Point Protocol |
| IS-IS | Intermediate System to Intermediate System |
| PROTOCOL | EXPANSION | PORT NUMBER | TRNX TYPE |
| DNS | Domain Name System | 53 | TCP/UDP |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol | 67,68 | UDP |
| NTP | Network Time Protocol | 123 | UDP |
| TFTP | Trivial File Transfer Protocol | 69 | UDP |
| RIP | Routing Information Protocol | 520 | UDP |
| ISAKMP | Internet Security Association and | ||
| Key Management Protocol | 500 | UDP | |
| SYSLOG | System Logging Protocol | 514 | UDP |
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | 25 | TCP |
| FTP | File transfer protocol | 20/21 | TCP |
| BGP | Border Gateway Protocol | 179 | TCP |
| HTTP | Hypertext Transfer Protocol | 80 | TCP |
| HTTPS | Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure | 443 | TCP |
| KERBEROS | Cerberus | 88 | TCP |
| POP3 | Post Office Protocol version 3 | 110 | TCP |
| NFS | Network File System | 111 | TCP/UDP |
| IMAP | Internet Message Access Protocol | 143 | TCP/UDP |
| SNMP | Simple Network Management Protocol | 161 | TCP/UDP |
| SNMP-TRAP | traps for monitoring | 162 | TCP/UDP |
| SSH | Secure Shell | 22 | TCP |
| Telnet | TELecommunication NETwork | 23 | TCP |
| SFTP | SSH File Transfer Protocol | 22 | TCP |
| PROTOCOL | EXPANSION | PROTOCOL NUMBER |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol | 6 |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol | 17 |
| ICMP | Internet Control Message Protocol | 1 |
| IGMP | Internet Group Management Protocol | 2 |
| GRE | Generic Routing Encapsulation | 47 |
| ESP | Encapsulating Security Payload | 50 |
| AH | Authentication Header | 51 |
| OSPF | Open Shortest Path First | 89 |
| EIGRP | Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol | 88 |
| VRRP | Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol | 112 |
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